Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769) was a chief of the Ottawa tribe who became famous for his role in (1763–1766), an American Indian struggle against the British military occupation of the Great Lakes region following the British victory in the French and Indian War. Historians disagree about Pontiac's importance in the war that bears his name. Nineteenth-century accounts portrayed him as the mastermind and leader of the revolt, while some subsequent interpretations have depicted him as a local leader with limited overall influence.Pontiac's Rebellion
The war began in May 1763 when Pontiac and 300 followers ravaged the area west of Niagara and attempted to take Fort Detroit by surprise. His plan foiled, Pontiac laid siege to the fort, and was eventually joined by more than 900 warriors from a half-dozen tribes. Meanwhile, messengers spread the word of Pontiac's actions, and the war expanded far beyond Detroit. In July 1763, Pontiac defeated a British detachment at the Battle of Bloody Run, but he was unable to capture the fort. In October he lifted the siege and withdrew to the Illinois country.Although Pontiac's influence had declined around Detroit because of the unsuccessful siege, he gained stature in the Illinois and Wabash country as he continued to encourage resistance to the British. Seeking to end the war, British officials made Pontiac the focus of their diplomatic efforts. In July 1766, Pontiac made peace with British Superintendent of Indian Affairs Sir William Johnson. The attention which the British paid to Pontiac created resentment among other Indian leaders, particularly because Pontiac claimed far greater authority than he possessed. Increasingly ostracized, in 1769 he was assassinated by a Peoria Indian.Chief Pontiac - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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1720 – April 20, 1769) was a chief of the Ottawa tribe who became famous for his role inPontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766), an American Indian struggle against ...
Pontiac's War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Native Americans involved in Pontiac's Rebellion lived in a vaguely defined ...Americans cautioned them that "this country was given by God to the Indians." ...Images for pontiac american indian
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Pontiac Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com
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Native Indian Chief Pontiac was famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion, an American Indian struggle against the British occupation of the Great Lakes area.
Chief Pontiac - Indians.org
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Chief Pontiac. Have you ever heard of Chief Pontiac? He was a famous Indian chief of the Ottawa tribe. His homeland was in the Great Lakes region and he led ...
Pontiac - Supreme Court
www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/MJC/places/pontiac.asp
between May 16 and June 22. As news of Pontiac's attacks spread, American Indiansfrom Lake Michigan to the Ohio and the Genesee rose against the British.
American Indians to Commemorate Pontiac Today on 250th ...
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Apr 27, 2013 – LINCOLN PARK, MICHIGAN Today is the 250th anniversary of ChiefPontiac War Council that was held along the River Ecorse on April 27, ...
American Indians to gather in Lincoln Park to honor Chief Pontiac ...
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Apr 22, 2013 – The Lincoln Park Historical Society and Museum, the American IndianMovement of Michigan and others will hold events there all this week in ...
NewsDaily: American Indians will meet to honor Chief Pontiac
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Apr 24, 2013 – American Indians to gather in Lincoln Park to honor Chief PontiacDETROIT (AP) — American Indians from across the Midwest are expected to ...
Forest Warrior the Story of Pontiac (Famous American Indian Leaders)
Forest Warrior the Story of Pontiac (Famous American Indian Leaders) [Jill C. Wheeler, Paul Deegan, Liz Dodson] on Amazon.com. *FREE* super saver ...
Native American Class Website - Pontiac
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Pontiac was an Ottawa chief who led a Native American revolt against the British ...Most Ottawa Indian people live in their original homeland in southern Ontario ...
Pontiac's War 1763-1766
Starved Rock - The End of the Fighting Illinis - 1769
Park Historical Legend
Starved Rock State Park is situated along the south bank of the Illinois River, less than 100 miles from Chicago. This beautiful park attracted over 2 million visitors last year to explore its scenic trails and canyons, dine in its historic Lodge and enjoy the panoramic views from tall bluffs which offer a unique contrast to the flatlands of Illinois. A hike to the top of a sandstone butte or a peaceful stroll to explore any of the 18 canyons gives each visitor a memorable experience. The backdrop for hiking is 18 canyons formed by glacial melt-water and stream erosion. They slice dramatically through tree-covered, sandstone bluffs for four miles at Starved Rock State Park.
As early as 8000 AD, Native American cultures lived and thrived here. From 1500 to 1700 AD, members of the Illiniwek tribe lived here. One of its sub-tribes, the Kaskaskias, populated the area, with as many as 7,000 along the bank of the river across from the current park. In 1673, Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette (a French Jesuit Missionary) canoed up the river below what they called the great rock. The first Native Americans they encountered were the Illini, who were very friendly to the expedition and presented them with a peace pipe to use for the remainder of the journey. Marquette returned to the area in 1675 to establish Illinois’ first Christian Mission of the Immaculate Conception at the Indian village. In the winter of 1682-1683, the French constructed Fort St. Louis atop what is now known as Starved Rock.
But how did Starved Rock get its name? The park derives its name from a Native American legend. In the 1760s, Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe were attending a tribal council meeting. At this council of the Illinois and the Pottawatomie, Kinebo, the head chief of the Illinois tribe stabbed Chief Pontiac. Vengeance arose in Pontiac’s followers – the Pottawatomie, the Miami and the Kickapoo. They vowed that no blood should course through the veins of the assassins or of their families. Meanwhile, in the early part of Indian summer in 1769, the Indians collected in an open square on the banks of the river to celebrate the marriage of the head chief’s daughter. They were surprised to see the great meadow in the back of the village covered with the enemy, the dreaded Pottawatomies. On came the enemy and so rapidly that almost instantly a large number of them had entered the town. Many of the Pottawatomies were killed before they retreated to Buffalo Rock, where they called a council of war. In this council it was agreed to renew the assault in the morning and never cease fighting until the Illini were no more. Meanwhile, the Illinois were celebrating their victory of the day’s battle. Having spent the night rejoicing, they were found asleep in the morning and were again attacked, sparing none. The assailants were met by the Illinois warriors and large numbers met their end before falling back for reinforcements.
For twelve long hours the battle raged on, a large portion of the Illinois warriors were slain along with the remaining villagers. The fighting continued into the night and well into a heavy rainstorm. The rain was so heavy it was hard to distinguish between enemy and foe. The fighting stopped until morning. But during the heavy storm and in the darkness of the night, the Illinois launched their canoes, crossed the river and ascended the 125 sandstone butte. Here, on this rock, were all that remained of the Illinois Indians, consisting of about twelve hundred, three hundred of them were warriors. On this rock they considered themselves safe from their enemy, singing songs of praise.
Morning came and the Pottawatomies soon discovered that their victims had fled. They burned the town, crossed the river and surrounded the great rock. The plan was to storm the great rock and defeat the Illinois, but all that tried were met by the brave Illini. When the Illini took refuge on the rock, they carried with them a large quantity of provisions, but after many days, this supply was not running thin and starvation was a great possibility. At first this rock was a haven of safety and now it was likely to be their tomb. Day after day passed and still the Illini continued to be guarded by their enemy, leaving them no escape. They tried to collect water from the river below, but as soon as the vessel was reached, the cord was cut. After many days, the remaining Illiniwek died of starvation giving this historic park its name – Starved Rock.
Potawatomi 1766-1836
The Potawatomi name means "those who keep/tend the hearth-fire," which refers to the hearth of the Council of Three Fires.
The Potawatomi are mentioned in French records in the early 17th century where they lived in what is now southwestern Michigan. During the Beaver Wars they fled to the area around Green Bay to escape attacks by both the Iroquois and the Neutral Nation, who were seeking expanded hunting grounds.
As an important part of Tecumseh's Confederacy, Potawatomi warriors took part in Tecumseh's War, the War of 1812 and the Peoria War. Their allegiance switched repeatedly between the British and the Americans as power relations shifted between the nations.
At the time of the War of 1812, a band of Potawatomi inhabited the area near Fort Dearborn, in the current location of Chicago. Led by the chiefs Blackbird and Nuscotomeg (Mad Sturgeon), a force of about 500 warriors attacked the evacuation column leaving Fort Dearborn; they killed a majority of the civilians and 54 of Captain Nathan Heald's force, and wounded many others. George Ronan, the first graduate of West Point to become a fatal casualty in combat, was killed in this ambush. The incident is referred to as the Battle of Fort Dearborn. A Potawatomi chief named Mucktypoke (Makdébki, Black Partridge), counseled against the attack and later saved some of the civilian captives who were being ransomed by the Potawatomi.
French period (1615–1763)
The French period of contact began with early explorers who reached the Potawatomi in western Michigan. They also found the tribe located along the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin. By the end of the French period, the Potawatomi had begun a move to the Detroit area, leaving the large communities in Wisconsin.
English period (1763–1783)
The British period of contact began when France ceded its lands after the defeat in the French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War). Pontiac's Rebellion was an attempt by Native Americans to push the British and other European settlers out of their territory. The Potawatomi captured every British frontier garrison but the one at Detroit.
The Potawatomi nation continued to grow and expanded westward from Detroit, most notably in the development of the St. Joseph villages adjacent to the Miami in southwestern Michigan. The Wisconsin communities continued and moved south along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
United States treaty period (1783–1830)
The United States Treaty period of Potawatomi history began with the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War and established the United States' interest in the lower Great Lakes. It lasted until the treaties for Indian Removal were signed. The US recognized the Potawatomi as a single tribe. They often had a few tribal leaders whom all villages accepted. The Potawatomi had a decentralized society, with several main divisions based on geographic locations: Milwaukee or Wisconsin area, Detroit or Huron River, the St. Joseph River, the Kankakee River, Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers, the Illinois River and Lake Peoria, and the Des Plaines and Fox Rivers.
In 1984 the Village of Tinley Park, Illinois hosted a large Thanksgiving celebration. They invited the Potawatomi who had moved to Oklahoma. The intervening years had been good to the Potawatomi since we "borrowed" their land and sent them to Oklahoma. Seven Potawatomi returned in the tribal plane. Several of them had blond hair and blue eyes.
The Citizen Potawatomi Nation has several tribal enterprises that provide services to our citizens and create a substantial economic impact in our communities. Our businesses further the success and prosperity of the Nation; provide employment opportunities for tribal citizens and revenue to support tribal operations.
Our enterprises provide the economic foundation to diversify and expand our current business operations and provide for expanded economic growth in our communities.
With more than 2,000 employees, Citizen Potawatomi Nation operates a variety of tribal enterprises including First National Bank, Grand Casino Resort, FireLake Discount Foods and the Community Development Corporation.
Citizen Potawatomi Nation: Home
www.potawatomi.org/The Citizen Potawatomi Nation is the federally-recognized government of the ... River, the Pottawatomie-Seminole County boundary (on the east), and the Indian ...
Potawatomi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potawatomi
It lasted until the treaties for Indian Removal were signed. The US recognized thePotawatomi as a single tribe. They often had a few tribal leaders whom all ...
Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians - Wikipedia, the free ...
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Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians are a federally recognized Algonquian-speaking Potawatomi-people located in southwestern Michigan and northeastern ... Images for potawatomi indians
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Facts for Kids: Potawatomi Indians (Pottawatomie) - Orrin's Website
www.bigorrin.org/potawatomi_kids.htm
Information about the Pottawatomie or Potawatomi Indians for students and teachers. Covers Potowatomi Indian food, shelter, clothing, crafts, and daily life in the ...
Pokagon Band of Potawatomi
www.pokagon.com/
Official homepage of this Michigan band offers basic information about the tribe and its members.
The Potawatomi Indians - Keepers of the Fire - Indians.org
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Learn why the Potawatomi Indians are known as the keepers of the fire.
Potawatomi Indian Tribe History - Access Genealogy
www.accessgenealogy.com/native/.../pottawatomie/pottawatomiehist.htm
Potawatomi (J. B. Bottineau, speaking Chippewa and Cree fluently, gives Potawatanubńk or Potawaganińk, i. e. 'People of the place of the fire,' as the primary ...
Potawatomi History - Indian Country Wisconsin
www.mpm.edu/wirp/icw-152.html
The Potawatomi are an Algonkian-speaking tribe which has lived in the Great Lakes region for at least four centuries. Oral traditions of the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, ...
Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
www.pbpindiantribe.com/
Homepage of this Kansas tribe includes cultural, historical, and government information, a section about the casino, and links.
Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi
nhbpi.com/
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